INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCTS BASED ON BASALT FIBERS

Abstract

The article examines the results of the research work carried out at the TBKV department of the Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture on the creation of samples of thermal and sound insulation products with increased operational properties based on modified basalt fiber.
The topicality of the topic is due to the predicted reduction of the world reserves of energy carriers with a simultaneous increase in the volume of consumption and cost, which determined the tendency to increase the requirements for thermal protection of buildings and structures and the energy efficiency of technological processes. Based on this, the priority direction of scientific research is the development of materials and technologies for the production of highly efficient heat and sound insulation products based on environmentally friendly mineral raw materials. One of the representatives of these materials is basalts and their structural analogues (gabbro, syenites) with obtaining various materials when using them as raw materials.
Samples of erupted rocks - basalts and their structural analogues - were selected for research. The breeds of deposits of Ukraine: Yanova Dolyna, Usachkivske, Donetske were used directly in the research.
To increase the reliability of the results of the experiment and to observe the logical sequence of the tasks, the research was divided into three stages: technological, modification of basalt fiber and production of flexible heat and sound insulation products [1].
The question was considered step by step:
- production of low-temperature basalt melt with an extended range of working viscosity;
- influence of physical, mechanical and rheological properties of basalt melt;
- the process of interaction of basalt fiber with an etching solution in order to adjust the chemical composition in the direction of obtaining the maximum content of silica, aluminum, titanium;
- determination of the structural characteristics of the modified basalt fiber after thermal stabilization;
- the study of sound insulation characteristics was determined by the change in the nature of the distribution of sound energy during its passage through the thickness of the material.
The conducted studies allow us to make a transition to the technological parameters of obtaining TKIV. The technology for the production of flexible thermal and sound insulation products based on modified basalt fiber and the study of their operational characteristics was developed.